南石窟寺：百里石窟长廊展现珍贵历史遗存

（共13张）2024-10-20

甘肃作为丝绸之路的主要通道所在，不少东来西往的僧侣信徒们在此建寺开窟。除了河西走廊，陇东、陇南地区也保留了丰富的北朝至唐代石窟遗迹。

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<li id="0"><a href="#p=0" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupF1IXPZq8hPapcav9YKFwD1UBcRVrLYhcbSuWGwYfCFAzzs6jz7LnBg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>陇东，即陇山以东的甘肃东部地区，包括今天的平凉地区和庆阳地区，其中最主要的石窟是始建于北魏永平年间的南北石窟寺。南北石窟寺也是陇东地区规模最大的石窟寺。此外，还有王母宫石窟、罗汉洞石窟、石空寺石窟、石拱寺石窟、云崖寺石窟等，主要分布在泾河两岸及陇山和子午岭中，艺术形式以石刻为主。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupF1IXPZq8hPapcav9YKFwD1UBcRVrLYhcbSuWGwYfCFAzzs6jz7LnBg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupF1IXPZq8hPapcav9YKFwD1UBcRVrLYhcbSuWGwYfCFAzzs6jz7LnBg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="1"><a href="#p=1" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupCic1IR2VjNqVVoHGodx0tUG1k5eHxFg0AgYmiavPKdNe0pSfwlk0NV1Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>南石窟寺位于平凉市泾川县泾河北岸，始建于北魏永平三年(510)。因其与庆阳的北石窟属同年开凿，且艺木风格相同，并称陇上姊妹窟，号称“陇上石窟双明珠”。 </p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupCic1IR2VjNqVVoHGodx0tUG1k5eHxFg0AgYmiavPKdNe0pSfwlk0NV1Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupCic1IR2VjNqVVoHGodx0tUG1k5eHxFg0AgYmiavPKdNe0pSfwlk0NV1Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="2"><a href="#p=2" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupHt44D4rAZickQ64wd5K5Mw6ibvkmYD0UFjOTfXuf5R87ENw8OJz5ss3Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>南石窟寺现有编号洞窟5个，现仅1号、4号窟有佛造像。其中，最精彩的要数1号窟，窟顶为覆斗形，窟内正壁及左右壁台基上有高7米的七尊立佛，七佛右手上举，左手下垂，头饰螺髻，高鼻大耳，面部丰满，长衣垂膝，神态庄严安祥，每尊立佛两侧均有2尊胁侍菩萨，胁侍菩萨宝冠长裙，体型修长略曲，俊美婀娜。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupHt44D4rAZickQ64wd5K5Mw6ibvkmYD0UFjOTfXuf5R87ENw8OJz5ss3Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupHt44D4rAZickQ64wd5K5Mw6ibvkmYD0UFjOTfXuf5R87ENw8OJz5ss3Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="3"><a href="#p=3" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7Rbicnup6hdPkkx1Gpm0u4R4kkap4pt90lHaPVF66c6OsAajibxxVxEfoKeNmcw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>4号窟为中型方窟，文殊菩萨、普贤菩萨、观音菩萨三大师居中，两侧分三层塑有十六罗汉、八菩萨、六力士，均为石胎泥塑，分别为唐代和晚清风格。每一尊佛像形态各异，栩栩如生。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7Rbicnup6hdPkkx1Gpm0u4R4kkap4pt90lHaPVF66c6OsAajibxxVxEfoKeNmcw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7Rbicnup6hdPkkx1Gpm0u4R4kkap4pt90lHaPVF66c6OsAajibxxVxEfoKeNmcw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="4"><a href="#p=4" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupH7WJ2pCKXWMLBfiaRLfpM7Fgfw3ufjllvXGibcHlEnGy20KDiaicwHS6Kg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>王母宫石窟依山而建，窟内造像分三层，中有方体塔柱，直连窟顶。中心塔柱四面和窟内三壁分三层雕有大小造像200余尊，是我国古“丝绸之路”上的名窟之一。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupH7WJ2pCKXWMLBfiaRLfpM7Fgfw3ufjllvXGibcHlEnGy20KDiaicwHS6Kg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupH7WJ2pCKXWMLBfiaRLfpM7Fgfw3ufjllvXGibcHlEnGy20KDiaicwHS6Kg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="5"><a href="#p=5" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupDQGUWdGnOdBCsdX3OibMYoH7GOlCiba8XBDzxAXqKRuA3hKU3ycSVvRQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>中心柱正面塑有佛像一尊，高约4米，泥塑石胎，体态丰满，为唐代作品。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupDQGUWdGnOdBCsdX3OibMYoH7GOlCiba8XBDzxAXqKRuA3hKU3ycSVvRQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupDQGUWdGnOdBCsdX3OibMYoH7GOlCiba8XBDzxAXqKRuA3hKU3ycSVvRQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="6"><a href="#p=6" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupOugPWGOfT2cbJhYHic2BsgPTbq32F0HIUk29H1ibWUI5zX5Ywzb0EOnw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>中心柱南、北两面有释迦、多宝对坐说法像和一佛二菩萨像。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupOugPWGOfT2cbJhYHic2BsgPTbq32F0HIUk29H1ibWUI5zX5Ywzb0EOnw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupOugPWGOfT2cbJhYHic2BsgPTbq32F0HIUk29H1ibWUI5zX5Ywzb0EOnw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="7"><a href="#p=7" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupfY9ibMI4iaA0VDWgJUgozNkmN28WskibH2Up8zAQoHXKGNHibD7iaKAY1pg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>中心柱是王母宫石窟的精华。塔柱分上下两层，上层为八角形，下层为四方形。中心柱基座高l.2米，每面各开一佛龛，四龛各高4.4米，龛内各雕坐佛。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupfY9ibMI4iaA0VDWgJUgozNkmN28WskibH2Up8zAQoHXKGNHibD7iaKAY1pg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupfY9ibMI4iaA0VDWgJUgozNkmN28WskibH2Up8zAQoHXKGNHibD7iaKAY1pg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="8"><a href="#p=8" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupYVwkgCibmkQxGPz6E6jZVdoRszgLAuQmiatI45s95cagsldy8OtualWQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>早期塔柱四面和窟四壁塑有佛、菩萨、天王、罗汉、力士、胁侍等造像，恢宏富丽，最大的佛像有4米多高。环顾洞窟，有一种被天地十方诸佛菩萨垂视的肃然。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupYVwkgCibmkQxGPz6E6jZVdoRszgLAuQmiatI45s95cagsldy8OtualWQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupYVwkgCibmkQxGPz6E6jZVdoRszgLAuQmiatI45s95cagsldy8OtualWQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="9"><a href="#p=9" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnuphEnX5eejIHzY1leZdL4BiahEep5hchG6dibSMllDVCThq1iaiaYfPPKjJw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>王母宫石窟尚存大小佛像2000余尊，故又称千佛洞。殿内藻井、梁枋、天花等采用金龙和玺彩绘。神龛背墙图案表现古西部山水，花草、树木、牛羊等风光画面。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnuphEnX5eejIHzY1leZdL4BiahEep5hchG6dibSMllDVCThq1iaiaYfPPKjJw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnuphEnX5eejIHzY1leZdL4BiahEep5hchG6dibSMllDVCThq1iaiaYfPPKjJw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="10"><a href="#p=10" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupSPRN7IpbJJdf2eWEicpgrUZt2jpr5ocryKP3kbTV9Ct5uQbRVWEaicRw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>王母宫石窟没有明确纪年，根据造像风格，专家推论：要比近邻的南、北石窟还早，大体上和云岗第六窟相近似，约创建于北魏太和末或景明初，距今1500多年。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupSPRN7IpbJJdf2eWEicpgrUZt2jpr5ocryKP3kbTV9Ct5uQbRVWEaicRw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnupSPRN7IpbJJdf2eWEicpgrUZt2jpr5ocryKP3kbTV9Ct5uQbRVWEaicRw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="11"><a href="#p=11" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7Rbicnup4ZSb3nXKUEcUnp9WZdSPDOMvGqTHZNY8denR4l1zezibqjD5yXJ29hQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>如今，石窟中部分造像虽已面目全非，残缺不全，彩绘、壁画斑斑驳驳，但它们的存在就说明佛教、佛文化在泾川地域起始之早、盛况之大，影响之久远。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7Rbicnup4ZSb3nXKUEcUnp9WZdSPDOMvGqTHZNY8denR4l1zezibqjD5yXJ29hQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7Rbicnup4ZSb3nXKUEcUnp9WZdSPDOMvGqTHZNY8denR4l1zezibqjD5yXJ29hQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>
<li id="12"><a href="#p=12" hidefocus="true"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnuphSuKl8ZCJKe5icGZXdx6icRB9wSLgV4YS8S0xyTt44t4wsXxKNu2eV0Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" alt=""></a><h2></h2>
  <p>罗汉洞石窟与王母第宫遥遥相望，临泾河依虎山。其宏大的规模、独特的风格，尽显大唐时期的佛教文化的风韵，让世人感受浩瀚历史的沧海桑田。由泾河川道两侧王母宫石窟、南石窟寺、千佛寺、罗汉洞、丈八寺、吊吊塔、南石崖等石窟群落组成的“百里石窟长廊”，其中罗汉洞石窟群规模最大。</p><i title="img">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnuphSuKl8ZCJKe5icGZXdx6icRB9wSLgV4YS8S0xyTt44t4wsXxKNu2eV0Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i><i title="timg">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/wTWPoOuYWxApJib7KE9vp0mmMib7RbicnuphSuKl8ZCJKe5icGZXdx6icRB9wSLgV4YS8S0xyTt44t4wsXxKNu2eV0Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=wxpic&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1</i></li>

南石窟寺：百里石窟长廊展现珍贵历史遗存

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